THOMAS: The Necessity of Grace

The Necessity of Grace (Summa Theologica, Part I-II, Question 109)

Article 1. Whether without grace man can know any truth?

Article 2. Whether man can wish or do any good without grace?

Article 3. Whether by his own natural powers and without grace man can love God above all things?

Article 4. Whether man without grace and by his own natural powers can fulfil the commandments of the Law?

Article 5. Whether man can merit everlasting life without grace?

Article 6. Whether a man, by himself and without the external aid of grace, can prepare himself for grace?

Article 7. Whether man can rise from sin without the help of grace?

Article 8. Whether man without grace can avoid sin?

Article 9. Whether one who has already obtained grace, can, of himself and without further help of grace, do good and avoid sin?

Article 10. Whether man possessed of grace needs the help of grace in order to persevere?

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